Search results for "Sociologie politique"
showing 8 items of 8 documents
It’s a matter of confidence. Institutions, government stability and economic outcomes
2021
In this paper we analyse the effect of constitutional structures over policy outcomes. In particular, we exploit the heterogeneity in parliamentary systems deriving from the presence and the use of the confidence vote to investigate whether stable and unstable parliamentary systems behave differently in terms of the policies they implement. This finer partition of parliamentary systems allows us to identify effects that are more robust than the ones previously discussed in the literature. We show that the difference between presidential and parliamentary systems documented in previous works is driven by a difference between presidential and stable parliamentary systems. We suggest that poss…
Elections ordinaires et aménagements constitutionnels
2001
It is widely held that voting in the course of ordinary elections has no significant influence on the constitutional regime or order of a country. At least three powerful arguments are provided in support of that view. First, to claim that, at the same time as they play, players can change the rules is, to say the least, logically puzzling. A second argument refers to the motivations and possibilities of voters : voters, this argument says, are not really interested in constitutional issues and, even if they were, are particularly ill-equiped to understand their implications. The third argument rests on the observation of what obtains in practice : as a matter of fact, constitutional issues…
Vertical competition in a unitary state
2000
The paper is concerned with what Albert Breton, in his theory of competitive federalism has called vertical competition, that is, competition between governments situated at different levels. However its setting is government systems that are unitary rather than federal and structured around three or four levels of government rather than the two often implicitly assumed. The paper tries to show that these characteristics may offer a partial solution to what is perhaps the major problem raised by vertical competition, that is, how winners in a vertical contest get protected against retaliation by the losers when the latter can change the rules (which are not constitutionally entrenched). In …
From equilibrium to chaos and back : methodological evaluation of research of the majority rule
2000
According to the canonical model situated at the heart of the " economic " - or, as the political scientists prefer to call it, rational-choice - theory of (democratic) politics, whenever the matter to be decided raises, or consists of, at least two distinct issues, it is generally impossible to reach a determinate decision by using the majority rule. This problem, referred to as that of disequilibrium, equilibrium instability, or even"chaos", was first underplayed and then deemed ominous to the point of seriously undermining the development prospects of the whole theory. However, more recently, the concern it was the source o f until the 1980s has given way to a state of renewed confidence…
Extrémisme et monomanie
2002
The paper defines an extremist as an individual whose ideal point in the issue space is extreme in some dimension, and a "monomaniac" (no derogatory connotation) as an individual for whom one issue is given more weight, has greater "salience", than the others. This difference in salience is reflected in the spatial theory of voting by indifference curves taking the form of ellipses. Using this theoretical framework, it is showed that monomaniacs, even though they are not necessarily also extremists, can easily be induced by extremist politicians to form or support extremist coalitions. This phenomenon can account for a number of the observed characteristics of extremist movements. It also h…
Compte rendu de : Matthew B. Crawford, Prendre la route. Une philosophie de la conduite, Paris, La Découverte, 2021, 356 p.
2021
Après "l’Éloge du carburateur", dans lequel il remettait en question la séparation entre le travail manuel et intellectuel, et "Contact", qui analysait la crise généralisée de l’attention qui frappe nos sociétés, le philosophe-mécanicien Matthew B. Crawford nous invite à questionner la conduite automobile généralisée et l’organisation politique qu’elle sous-tend. À l’heure de la généralisation des Zones à faibles émissions (ZFE) et de l’automatisation grandissante des dispositifs mobilitaires, son nouvel essai pose la focale sur ce que la conduite automobile propose aux individus et ce qu’elle suppose de notre organisation démocratique.
Biélorussie : Loukachenko forever? : Petit-déjeuner en ligne de l’Observatoire des Etats Post-Soviétiques
2021
Fonds audiovisuel de l'Inalco, France, © 2021; Plus d'une année s'est écoulée depuis le début des mouvements d'opposition de masse en Biélorussie. Vacillant il y a encore quelques mois, le régime de Loukachenko est cependant toujours en place. Où en est la révolution biélorusse aujourd'hui ? Quelle stratégie déploie le régime et quelles sont les perspectives de l'opposition ? Quelles sont enfin les dimensions géopolitiques de la politique intérieure biélorusse ? Nous ferons le point avec nos invités Ronan Hervouet et Alexandra Goujon.
L’organisation des circuits courts par les intermédiaires.
2016
The dissertation deals with the institutionalisation of proximity in agri-food markets and the place occupied in this process by non-economic intermediaries (employees of associations, researchers, members of staff from the ministry of Agriculture, advisers of the chambers of agriculture). By varying the scales of investigation, from the national to the departmental level, and by articulating qualitative and quantitative methods, this work points out the paradox that constitute the development of those intermediary agents, as proximity is progressively defined and objectified as a virtuous component of the merchant relationship. On the basis of a sociology of merchant institutions attentive…